一、依据主题句定短文的中心
任意一篇文章通常是围绕一个中心展开并且由段落组成的；段落之间有着内在的紧密联系，而表达段落主题的句子叫主题句，通常置于段落的开头，有时在段落末尾和中间；其它的句子是用来说明和阐述主题句的；若把一个个主题句加以整理，你能悟出其中心思想，同时还可以回避、排除个别生词、难句（等困难信号）所带来的干扰，但也有一些文章的中心思想常贯穿在全文中，因而要综观全文，对全文有一个透彻的理解才行。
如：
My friend Matt and I arrived at the Activity Centre on Friday evening。 The accommodation wasn‘t wonderful， but we had everything we needed （beds， blankets， food ）， and we were pleased to be out of the city and in the fresh air。
On Saturday morning we met the other ten members of our group。 Cameron had come along with two friends， Kevin and Simon， while sisters Carole and Lynn had come with Amanda。 There were some other members I didn‘t know。 We had come from different places and none of us knew the area。
We knew we were going to spend the weekend outdoors， but none of us was sure exactly how。 Half of us spent the morning caving while the others went rock-climbing and then we changed at lunchtime。 Matt and I went to the caves （岩洞） first。 Climbing out was harder than going in， but after a good deal of pushing， we were out at last。 Though we were covered with mud， we were pleased and excited by what we‘d done。
This passage mainly talks about ______________。
A。 the writer‘s friends at the Activity Center B。 the writer’s experience at the Activity Center
C。 outdoor sports at the Activity Center D。 how to go rock-climbing and caving
[参考答案B] 上述这段短文的中心是说明“the writer‘s experience at the Activity Center。”。作者以及作者的朋友，还有组上的其他一些成员一起在活动中心度周末的一些活动以及感受。
二、掌握具体事实和重要细节
阅读文章时，要求学生养成辨认和记忆具体事实、重要细节的习惯。因为具体事实、重要细节是主题句的扩展、补充、说明或例证，是用来支持和说明中心思想的，而且是阅读理解测试的重要组成部分。
如：If someone asks me： “Do you like music？” I‘m sure I will answer him or her： “Of course， I do。” because I think music is an important part of our lives。
Different people have different ideas about music。 For me， I like rock music because it‘s so exciting。 And my favorite rock band， the “Foxy Ladies” （酷妹） is one of the most famous rock bands in the world。 I also like pop music。 My classmate LiLan loves dance music， because she enjoys dancing。 My best friend， Jane， likes jazz music （爵士乐）。 She thinks jazz is really cool。
“I like dance music and rock very much。” says my brother， “because they are amazing。”
But my mother thinks rock is boring。 “I like some relaxing （轻松的） music，” she says。 That‘s why she likes country music， I think。
①The writer likes music because he thinks ____________。
A。 it‘s an exciting part of our lives B。 it’s an amazing part of our lives
C。 it‘s an important part of our lives
②What kind of music does the writer like？
A。 Rock and pop music。 B。 Rock and dance music。 C。 Jazz and country music。
③Who likes dancing？
A。 The writer。 B。 Li Lan。 C。 Jane。
④The writer‘s mother thinks that country music is __________。
A。 amazing B。 boring C。 relaxing
⑤ How many people‘s ideas about music are talked about in this passage （短文）？
A。 4。 B。 5。 C。 6。
这是几道重要事实和细节的辨认题，全是围绕短文的主题句“Different people have different ideas about music”来展开说明的，起补充举例作用。答案分别为 ① C ② A ③ B ④ C ⑤ B。
三、运用构词法、语境线索等帮助来推测关键词义
在阅读文章的过程中，常常会遇到一些生词，如果不懂得这些词义就会妨碍理解，但大部分生词的词义是可以根据上下文，结合构词法、借助文章中的语境线索帮助在理解基础上猜测其词义，这有助于加快阅读速度，提高阅读理解能力。如：
Water is all around us。 Water is in the ocean。 Water is in the lakes and rivers。 Water is in the air。 There is more water than land on the earth。 All living things must have it。 We must have it， too。 We cannot live without drinking water。 Sometimes，中国直播网 ， we do not have all the water that we need。 The land will dry up without water。 Sometimes， there can be too much water in the land。 If it rains very， very hard， the rain water will run down the hill。 It takes some of the land with it when it runs down the hills。 It is called erosion when the water takes the land away。
“Erosion” in the passage means ____________。
A。 地震 B。 雪崩 C。 侵蚀 D。 霜冻
根据前面的语句If it rains very， very hard， the rain water will run down the hills。 It takes some of the land with it when it runs down the hills。解释可以推知erosion是一种自然地理现象，即“侵蚀”，中国直播网，答案为C。
来源：中考网
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